JOHN T. FLOYD LAW FIRM
Texas Criminal
Lawyer
EXPERIENCED CRIMINAL
DEFENSE LAWYER
TRIALS, SENTENCINGS, AND APPEALS
FEDERAL AND STATE CRIMINAL DEFENSE
"Serious Criminal
Defense Throughout Texas"
Phone (713) 224-0101
E-mail jfloyd@JohnTFloyd.com
Texas Criminal Defense Lawyer
Seriously, Texas is the place...
Law and order in Texas is good, but you can be caught up in the system of justice where the punishment bears no resemblance to the crime. Texas is the number 1 place to have the death penalty. Each year many are executed here. Over one third of all U.S. executions occur in Texas each year.
Comments on Current Events In Criminal Law from the Federal Criminal Courts in Texas
August 24, 2010
APPELLATE COURTS DON’T ALWAYS GET IT RIGHT EITHER
U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals Corrects itself by Holding Overt Act Not Element of Conspiracy to Launder Money, 18 U.S.C. § 1956(h)
By: Houston Criminal Attorney John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair
Money laundering is a process through which either the source or use of proceeds from illegal financial transactions are concealed. The primary purpose of a money laundering operation is to hide either the origin or destination of money derived from ill-gotten gain. Most money laundering operations are tied to illicit drug trafficking. The Office of National Drug Control Policy estimates that Americans spend $65 billion each year on illicit drugs. Since federal law enforcement agencies seize only $1 billion in drug money each year, according to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, there is a lot of illegal money being laundered at both national and international levels. In 1986 Congress passed the Money Laundering Control Act, which is codified in the United States Code, Title 18, Section 1956, and is the statute most often used by the U.S. Justice Department to prosecute money launderers. In 2007 former Assistant U.S. Attorney Charles Intriago told USA Today that it is easy “to move money in and out [of the country], using U.S. companies, without a trace. This is a glaring problem.”
This “glaring problem” recognized by law enforcement perhaps influenced the U.S. Supreme Court in 2005 to decide Whitfield v. United States which held that federal prosecutors do not have to prove an “overt act” in order to secure a money laundering conspiracy conviction. In a legal sense, an “overt act” is an open, outward action, or step, taken to carry out the intention to commit a crime, from which criminal intent can be implied. The Whitfield decision followed the lead of an earlier Supreme Court decision in United States v. Shabani which held in 1994 that the government did not have to prove an “overt act” as an element in a drug conspiracy case.
The Whitfield decision was particularly significant in this federal circuit because the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in United States v. Wilson, which was decided in 2001, held that an “overt act” was an essential element in money laundering conspiracy cases. However, even though Whitfield effectively overruled the Wilson decision, the Fifth Circuit in United States v. Armstrong, which was decided in 2008, and United States v. Bueno, which was decided in 2009, kept saying in dicta that an overt act had to be proven by federal prosecutors to secure a money laundering conspiracy conviction. Apparently this was a mistake.
The "Texas war on drugs" is putting many in the ward of the state. Now more than one in twenty is in the prison population. In many cases a conviction and sentence can be attributed to the word of a trapped informant who is trying to get a deal for himself. What do you think the truthfulness is of this source? Also some law enforcement personnel are also inclined to be untruthful in their investigations to advance their careers. A reporter of a Houston newspaper studied court data on Texas’ war on drugs, finding that most of the 58,000 convictions won by local prosecutors in the past five years “involved less than a gram of a drug.” The result is that few major dealers get caught and Texas jails are filled with users who “often find waiting lists for counseling programs so long that they are released before they can get in.”
Harris County "get tough on crime" causes many new regulations and procedures that cost taxpayers more money and creates inequities and harsh conditions. Harris County Court rules are complicated.
Here are the local district attorneys words… “Being tough on crime means protecting citizens from predators and violent criminals and making sure there is space in the prisons for those that commit violent crimes and who the public need to be protected from. I do not consider it being tough on crime to send a mother to jail for welfare fraud who worked during the Christmas holidays to provide Christmas gifts for her children.”
The resources of the state are vast with the State criminal court system, the District Attorney’s, the crime lab, and law enforcement officers. Add to that court reporters, Bondsman, Investigators, and expert witnesses from the support industry. What about the reliability of some of those departments? Take the crime labs for one. The Supreme court allows the law enforcement people to lie to you to get there convictions. Just look at any entrapment involved in cases where the police solicit the offender to break the law.
The laws are very complex and voluminous and it would be smart to familiarize yourself with these. Definition of a felony… A felony, in many common law legal systems, is the term for a "very serious" crime; misdemeanors are considered to be less serious. Crimes which are commonly considered to be felonies include: aggravated assault, arson, burglary, murder, and rape. Those who are convicted of a felony are known as felons. Originally, felonies were crimes for which the punishment was either death or forfeiture of property.
Protect your rights, know your rights, and exercise your rights defined by the Texas state constitution, statutes, rules, and judicial decisions . When a law enforcement officer questions you, ask to speak to your lawyer. When they ask permission to search your vehicle or you, politely refuse and ask to speak to your lawyer.
Do you know what happens when you are arrested and then bonded out with a bail bond?
Some of the rules you are under…
Phone check in every two weeks.
Call in the day before court.
In-person check-in on court date.
Notify agency of change of address, phone or employment.
No travel outside county.
No contact with complaining witness
What are the results of a conviction?
Loss of freedom, and the inability to get good employment ever. Loss of your reputation and exclusion from serving on a jury, just to mention a few.
Who you choose to represent your case is the most important consideration for your well being. Make sure you choose an attorney who has successfully conducted trials and is knowledgeable in your classification of criminal law.
John T Floyd Law Firm is the answer for representation in a criminal defense strategy that will ensure you get fair treatment under the law.
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